Journal: Gut Microbes
Article Title: Simulated microgravity induces cerebral dysfunction by disturbing protective microbiota-metabolite-microglia signaling across the gut‒brain ax is
doi: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2635820
Figure Lengend Snippet: LA inhibits the activation of inflammatory microglia by binding to STAT1 and blocking its phosphorylation at Tyr 701 and Ser 727 sites. A. Schematic of the experimental design in vitro . BV2 microglial cells were cultured under SMG for 72 h, followed by the treatment with LA. After 24 h post-LA administration, cells were collected for RNA sequencing and other detection assays. B. Cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay with the exposure of LA at indicated concentrations for 24 h: 0 μM vs 150 μM, p = 0.0286; 0 μM vs 200 μM, p = 0.0286. C. RNA sequencing heatmap analysis of BV2 disease-associated microglia makers in SMG-LA (−), SMG-LA (50) (50 μM), or SMG-LA (100) (100 μM) group. D. RNA sequencing heatmap analysis of BV2 M1/M2 makers in SMG-LA (−), SMG-LA (50) (50 μM), or SMG-LA (100) (100 μM) group. E. (i) Immunofluorescent analysis for IBA1 and CD68 expression in BV2 (scale bars, 100 μm); (ii) Statistics on the mean fluorescence intensity of E(i). NG vs SMG-LA (−), p < 0.0001; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM), p < 0.0001. F. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using DCFH-DA probe in BV2 cells. (i) Immunofluorescent analysis; (ii) Statistics on the mean fluorescence intensity of F(i). NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0002; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM), p < 0.0001. Rosup as a positive control. G. (i) Immunoblot analysis of three independent individuals for t-STAT1, p -STAT1(Tyr 701) and p -STAT1(Ser 727) in the hippocampus. (ii) Relative protein expression of STAT1 (NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0071; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM, p = 0.0031) and p -STAT1(Tyr 701) (NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0111; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM, p = 0.0004) by grayscale analysis. H. (i) Immunoblot analysis of three independent samples for STAT1, p -STAT1(Tyr 701) and p -STAT1(Ser 727) in BV2 cells. (ii) Relative protein expression of STAT1 (NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0448; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM, p = 0.001), p -STAT1(Tyr 701) (NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0448; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM, p = 0.0168) and p -STAT1(Ser 727) (NG vs SMG-LA (−), p = 0.0065; SMG-LA (−) vs SMG-LA (50) (50 μM, p = 0.0007) by grayscale analysis. I. Molecular docking diagrams of LA binding to STAT1. J. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the interaction between LA and STAT1. Results are based on three independent biological replicates. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (rats’ sample) or mean ± SEM (BV2 sample). The analysis is performed using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001; ns no significance.
Article Snippet: STAT1 Polyclonal antibody , Proteintech , 10144-2-AP.
Techniques: Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Blocking Assay, Phospho-proteomics, In Vitro, Cell Culture, RNA Sequencing, CCK-8 Assay, Expressing, Fluorescence, Positive Control, Western Blot, SPR Assay, Two Tailed Test